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Objective:In order to improve the hospital scientific research communication management level, enhance the efficiency of hospital management, a survey on the satisfaction of the scientific research communication management mechanism among the medical employees in a third-grade hospital was conducted to explore its influencing factors, as well as to provide reference for improving the scientific research communication management system.Methods:A third grade hospital in Tianjin was selected as the questionnaire survey unit, 233 people were selected by stratified sampling method to conduct the questionnaire survey on their satisfaction with the communication management mechanism. SPSS 23.0 was used for single factor chi-square test and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results:The overall satisfaction of 233 employees surveyed was 88.4%. Single factor chi-square test results showed that different age, ″research managers actively communicate″, ″frequency″, "understanding the role of communication mechanisms″, ″understanding of the mechanisms of communication″, ″communication with senior management leadership″, ″communication mechanism in the team″, ″communication mechanism with other hospital team and departments″, ″familiar of the team plans and work progress″, ″form of obtaining scientific research information″, ″demands for obtaining scientific research information″, ″attitude towards scientific research information″ and other items had statistically significant association with satisfaction ( P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis results showed that ″Science management personnel actively communicate″ (OR=0.129, 95%CI: 0.020-0.851), ″medium frequency of communication frequency″ (OR=0.254, 95%CI: 0.068-0.951), ″communication mechanism can ensure that most of the information is received″ (OR=0.073, 95%CI: 0.010-0.563), ″Good communication with superior management leadership″ (OR=0.044, 95%CI: 0.005-0.361), ″Good communication mechanism in team″ (OR=0.039, 95%CI: 0.010-0.563) were protective factors of medical employees′ satisfaction. Conclusions:The overall satisfaction of the medical employees in the third grade a hospital to the scientific research communication management mechanism is relatively high. However, further measurements still need to be carried out, including strengthen the popularization of communication mechanism and conduct communication with appropriate frequency. At the same time, the hospital should pay more attention to the role of team communication in the hospital scientific research communication management mechanism. Various ways and incentive mechanisms should be adopted to improve the satisfaction of medical employees on the hospital scientific research communication and communication management mechanism, and further to improve the efficiency of scientific research, be more productive, and create greater value for the hospital.
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Objective:To investigate the characteristics of clinical bacteria and H3N2 influenza A virus coinfection and variations in the hemagglutinin (HA) cleavage site of H3N2 among influenza-like cases.Methods:A total of 12 250 samples were collected from influenza-like cases for real-time PCR detection of H3N2 influenza virus from January 2013 to December 2018. To analyze the characteristics of co-infection, some H3N2-positive samples were selected and analyzed by real-time PCR to detect Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae type B. HA genes of H3N2 isolates were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on HA gene sequences. Amino acid variations in cleavage sites were analyzed. Results:H3N2 influenza viruses had been detected every year since 2013, causing 44.69% influenza-positive cases. There were 295 randomly selected H3N2-positive samples, of which 29.2% had clinical bacterial infection. The HA cleavage sites of 210 H3N2 isolates were sequenced and 68 had variations, including 63 carrying K342R (PEKQTR to PERQTR) single-amino acid site variation. The co-infection rate was 31.25% (45/144) in unmutated samples and 23.53% (16/68) in mutated samples (χ 2=1.34, P>0.05). The H3N2 influenza viruses circulating in Hangzhou mainly belonged to two evolutionary clusters of 3c.3a and 3c.2a, and the viruses with K342R mutation at the cleavage site belonged to the evolutionary cluster of 3c.3a. Conclusions:H3N2 influenza virus played an important role in the epidemic of influenza virus in Hangzhou. There were some bacterial co-infections in influenza-positive cases. Cleavage site variations showed regional epidemic characteristics, but had no significant correlation with bacterial co-infection.
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Objective To analyze the prevalence of influenza A (H3N2) virus in Hangzhou be-tween 2012 and 2017 and to investigate the genetic variations in hemagglutinin ( HA) and neuraminidase ( NA) . -ethods Throat swab samples were collected for viral isolation from 12185 patients with suspected influenza in Hangzhou area from January 2012 to December 2017. Influenza virus subtypes were identified by real-time RT-PCR. HA and NA genes of some isolated Influenza A (H3N2) viruses were amplified with spe-cific primers and then analyzed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Results Influenza A (H3N2) virus was the predominant subtype circulating in Hangzhou during 2012 to 2017. It caused high morbidity in elderly people (Z=81. 039, P<0. 05). Most of the isolated influenza A (H3N2) viruses belonged to the phylogenetic clades of 3C. 3a and 3C. 2a. These viruses shared a homology of 96. 7％-100％ in nucleotide sequences of both HA and NA genes, but possessed several HA and NA mutations in antigenic sites. Con-clusions Influenza A (H3N2) virus was an important pathogen causing influenza epidemics in Hangzhou during 2012 to 2017. HA and NA genes showed many mutations in antigenic sites. No drug resistant virus was reported.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of the main 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene orchinol isolated from Spiranthes sinensis Radix et Herba on the invasion and migration of human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells and its preliminary molecular mechanism. SGC-7901 cells were cultured in vitro, after the cells were treated with different final concentrations(5, 10, 20, 40, 80 μmol·L⁻¹) of orchinol for 24, 48 or 72 hours, the effect of orchinol on cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Wound healing and Transwell assays were performed to determine the effects of different final concentrations(5, 10, 20, 40 μmol·L⁻¹) of orchinol for 48 hour on invasion and migration abilities of SGC-7901 cells, respectively. The protein expression levels of β-catenin, Wnt-3α, DvL2, cyclinD1 and GSK-3β were detected by Western blot. The results showed that 5-80 μmol·L⁻¹ orchinol inhibited the viability of SGC-7901 cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, and the IC₅₈ values of 24, 48 and 72 hours were 77.79, 42.96 and 7.85 μmol·L⁻¹, respectively. Compared with the control group, the ability of invasion and migration of SGC-7901 cells was significantly inhibited after treated with 5, 10 and 20 μmol·L⁻¹ orchinol for 48 hours (<0.05, <0.01), and the dose-effect relationship was observed. The results of Western blot showed that orchinol could significantly down-regulate the protein expression levels of β-catenin, Wnt3a, DvL2 and cyclinD1, and up-regulate the protein expression level of GSK-3β(<0.05, <0.01, <0.001). The above results suggest that orchinol can obviously inhibit the invasion and migration of SGC-7901 cells, which may be related to its inhibition of Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling pathway and the proteins expression of downstream genes.
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Humans , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Movement , Cell Proliferation , Phenanthrenes , Stomach Neoplasms , Wnt Signaling Pathway , Wnt3A Protein , beta CateninABSTRACT
Objective@#To determine the epidemic characteristics of respiratory viruses, mycoplasma pneumonia(MP) and chlamydia pneumoniae(CP) in outpatients and hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infections(ARI), to lay a foundation for the prevention and control of ARI.@*Methods@#From 2011 to 2013, children with ARI, including outpatients and inpatients, were involved in this study. One nasopharyngeal aspirate or throat swab specimen was collected from each patient.Real time PCRs were performed to detect common respiratory tract viruses, MP and CP.@*Results@#At least one pathogen was identified in each of 610 out of 908 patients and the overall positive rate was 67.2%. The positive rate in inpatient(76.7%)was higher than that in outpatient(43.0%) (χ2=94.79, P<0.001). Simultaneous detection of two or more viruses was found in 206 cases.Co-infection was more frequent in inpatients than in outpatients(29.0% VS 6.6%, P<0.001). Significant differences of the detection rate were observed in RSV, PIV, HRV, Flu, human bocavirus (hBoV), adenovirus (AdV), saffold virus(SAFV), MP and CP between the inpatient and outpatient group. Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)(34.5%) was the most prevalent virus detected among hospitalized children, followed by MP(15.0%)and human rhinovirus(HRV)(14.6%). Whereas adenovirus(AdV) (15.2%)was the most frequently identified virus in the outpatient group, followed by influenza virus(Flu)(11.7%))and PIV(7.8%). Except for RSV and Flu, co-infection of the other pathogens was more frequent than its mono-infection in inpatients. Significant differences of the AdV co-infection rate were observed between the inpatient and outpatient group(χ2=18.90, P<0.001). Compared with mono-infection, co-infection has no significant effect on the clinical presentation.@*Conclusions@#The detection rate of respiratory pathogens was higher in inpatients than in outpatients with ARI, and co-infections were more popular in children hospitalized, it may show that co-infection had some correlation with disease severity.
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Objective To investigate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Saffold virus (SAFV)infection in outpatient and hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infections(ARI). Methods A total of 1060 clinical specimens were collected from children with ARI in the Affiliated Children's Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine from March 2011 to February 2014, including 256 samples of throat swabs from outpatients,and 804 samples of trachea suctions from hospitalized patients. Real time PCR(RT-PCR)was performed to detect 5'UTR segment of SAFV.SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze the test results and clinical data.Results The positive detection rates of SAFV in outpatients and hospitalized children with ARI were 2.3%(6/256)and 13.2%(106/804), respectively(χ2=24.147, P<0.01).Among the hospitalized children,the positive detection rates of SAFV in children <1 year,1-<3 years,3-<6 years and 6-12 years were 14.0%,11.2%,11.1% and 8.3%, respectively(χ2=1.845,P>0.05).The positive rates of SAFV in males and females were 12.7% and 17.7%(χ2=0.279,P>0.05).The detection rate of SAFV in autumn was highest(21.2%), followed by that in spring (14.6%),winter(9.5%)and summer(8.8%)(χ2=15.625, P<0.01).The co-infection rates with other respiratory pathogens of hospitalized and outpatients children were 76.4%(81/106)and 66.7% (4/6).Among the hospitalized patients, the rate of co-infection with respiratory syncytial virus was the highest(36.8%),followed by rhinovirus(27.4%), metapneumovirus(10.4%)and parainfluenza virus (10.4%).Among children with ARI,the fever rate of SAFV-positive cases was lower than that of SAFV-negative cases(χ2=4.069,P<0.05).Conclusions The detection rate of SAFV in hospitalized children with ARI is significantly higher than that in outpatients,and SAFV infection was dominated by co-infection. The prevalence of SAFV in the Hangzhou area presents a certain local epidemic pattern.
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Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics and genetic evolution of human bocavirus ( HBoV ) infection in hospitalized children with severe acute respiratory infection ( SARI ) in Hangzhou.Methods A total of 1388 clinical specimens were collected from children with SARI admitted in Affiliated Children' s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2011 to December 2014.HBoV1-4 and other respiratory pathogens were identified by fluorescent real -time polymerase chain reaction (fRT-PCR).The VP1 gene in HBoV1 positive samples was amplified and sequenced for genetic analysis with Clustal X and MEGA 6.0.Chi-square test and Fisher exact probability were used to analyze the data.Results Eighty five HBoV positive samples were detected from 1388 samples (6.12％), among which 83 (97.65％) were HBoV1 positive and 2 (2.35％) were HBoV2 positive.The positive rates of HBoV in males and females were 6.54％and 5.35％(χ2 =0.780, P>0.05).The posititve detection rate of HBoV in all age groups was statistically significant (χ2 =47.446,P <0.01).The detection rate in children aged 6 months-1 year was highest (12.84％), in children aged >3 years was lowest (1.64％), in children aged ≤6 months and aged 1-3 years was 3.04％ and 3.33％, respectively.The detection rate of HBoV in summer was the highest (14.97％), followed by that in autumn (7.14％), spring (3.19％) and winter (1.97％) (χ2 =58.807, P<0.01).The detection rates of HBoV in 2011 to 2014 were 7.39％, 7.31％, 5.58％ and 4.72％ (χ2 =3.447, P >0.05 ).The co-infection rate with other respiratory pathogens was 62.35％.The main pathogens were human rhinovirus (33.96％), parainfluenza virus (28.30％) and respiratory syncytial virus (20.75％).The incidence of anhelation and wheezing in HBoV positive group was higher than that in HBoV negative group (χ2 =15.161 and 13.914, P <0.01). Sequence analysis of VP 1 gene showed that 44 isolates belonged to the same branch ( clade 1 ) as Swedish strain ST2, and 2 isolates HZ12-S32 and HZ12-S199 belonged to a separated branch.Conclusion HBoV is an important causative agent of hospitalized children with SARI in Hangzhou area and has high co -infection with other respiratory pathogens.Most of the strains belong to the same clade as the Swedish strain ST 2, and two strains of HZ12-S32 and HZ12-S199 are identified in a separated clade.
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Objective To detect adenovirus from children with acute upper/lower respiratory tract infections and to investigate the genetic evolution of virus .Methods A total of 1 178 clinical specimens were collected from the Children ’ s Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine during March 2011 and February 2013, including 513 throat swabs from children with acute upper respiratory tract infection and 665 nasopharyngeal aspirates from children with acute lower respiratory tract infections .Besides, 9 specimens in an outbreak of adenovirus infection during 2011 and 2014 were also collected .Adenovirus was identified by real-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).The hypervariable region (HVR)-7 region of hexon gene in positive samples was amplified and sequenced for typing and phylogenetic analysis .Other respiratory viruses were also detected with RT-qPCR in adenovirus positive samples .Clinical characteristics of adenovirus infection were analyzed in children with lower respiratory tract infections .Chi-square test and Fisher exact probability were used for data analysis .Results Among 1 178 samples from sporadic cases , 104 samples (8.83%) were adenovirus positive .The rates of adenovirus infection in upper respiratory tract infection group and lower respiratory tract infection group were 13.65%(70/513) and 5.11%(34/665), respectively (χ2 =26.193, P3 years (χ2 =6.575 and 7.334, P0.05), but two children with co-infection died.Conclusions Adenovirus infection is more common in upper respiratory tract infection .Adenovirus type 3 and type 7 are the most prevalent serotypes in sporadic cases , while type 3 is the most prevalent serotype in outbreak cases .
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the level of genetic variation of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV-3), and to describe infection and co-infection characteristics of HPIV-3 in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Single respiratory samples from 856 pediatric patients with acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) in Hangzhou were collected from December 2009 to March 2013. All samples were screened for HPIV-3 by real-time RT-PCR and followed by HN sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. In all RSV positive specimens, we screened for the other pathogens, and co-infection characteristics were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 9.6% of 856 samples were positive for HPIV-3, the nucleotide among the strains ranged from 96.9% to 100%. All Hangzhou strains were placed in C3 subgroup based on HN gene analysis. 49% (n=41) of all HPIV-3-positive children with ARI were found to be co-infected with at least one of the other pathogen. The highest co-infection rate of HPIV-3 was with HRV (n=17). Children in the younger groups (≤12 months old) were significantly more prone to be co-infected with other pathogen (χ(2)=4.78, P=0.029). Pneumonia infection rate was significantly higher in the mono-infection group than the co-infection group (χ(2)=3.92, P=0.048).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HPIV-3 was an important pathogen in children with ARI in Hangzhou. HN gene variation rate was low, but showed a more local pattern. The co-infections with other respiratory viruses were popular. Except for pneumonia, no significant differences in other clinical presentation between the HPIV-3 mono-infection and co-infection groups were observed.</p>
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Child , Humans , China , Epidemiology , Genetic Variation , Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human , Phylogeny , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Respiratory Tract Infections , Epidemiology , Virology , Respirovirus Infections , EpidemiologyABSTRACT
We investigated the genetic diversity and evolution of the M gene of human influenza A viruses in Hangzhou (Zhejiang province, China) from 2009 to 2013, including subtypes of A(H1N1) pdm09 strains and seasonal A(H3N2) strains. Subtypes of analyzed viruses were identified by cell culture and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, followed by cloning, sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of the M gene. Assessment of 5675 throat swabs revealed a positive rate for the influenza virus of 20.46%, and 827 cases were diagnosed as. infections due to influenza A viruses. Seventy-six influenza-A strains were selected randomly from nine stages during six phases of a virus epidemic. Sequences of the M gene showed high homology among six epidemics with identities of amino-acid sequences of 98.98-100%. All strains contained the adamantine-resistant mutation S31N in its M2 protein. Two of the A(H1N1)pdm09 strains had double mutants of V27A/S31N or V271/S31N. One of the seasonal A(H3N2) viruses had another form of double-mutant R45H/S31N. Evolutionary rate of the M gene was much lower than that of the HA gene and NA gene. Compared with A(H3N2) strains, higher positive pressure on the M1 and M2 proteins of A(H1N1) pdm09 viruses was observed. Separate analyses of M1 and M2 proteins revealed very different selection pressures. Knowledge of the genetic diversity and evolution of the M gene of human influenza-A viruses will be valuable for the control and prevention of diseases.
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Humans , Amino Acid Substitution , China , Epidemiology , Evolution, Molecular , Genetic Variation , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype , Classification , Genetics , Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype , Classification , Genetics , Influenza, Human , Epidemiology , Virology , Phylogeny , Selection, Genetic , Viral Matrix Proteins , Genetics , Viral Proteins , Chemistry , GeneticsABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the genetic variation and molecular evolution of human bo-cavirus 1 (HBoV1) strains isolated during 2009 to 2014 in Hangzhou, China.Methods Throat swab sam-ples were collected from children with acute respiratory tract infections in the Children′s Hospital Affiliated to the Zhejiang University School of Medicine from 2009 to 2014.Real-time PCR was performed for the detec-tion of HBoV1 strains.Fifteen HBoV1 strains with high virus load were screened out for the amplification and sequencing of complete genomes.The complete genomes were submitted to GenBank for further analysis with bioinformatics software.Results A total of 48 nucleotide mutations were detected in the complete genomes of 15 HBoV1 strains, resulting in 11 amino acid mutations with 5 of them located in the active region of phospholipase A2 ( PLA2) .The 15 HBoV1 isolates along with 16 HBoV1 strains in GenBank were classified into three clusters as indicated by the phylogenetic analysis based on their complete coding sequences.All of the 15 strains were belonged to clusterⅠ, the representative strain of which was the Sweden prototype strain ST2.The phylogenetic trees constructed using genes encoding the capsid proteins VP1 and VP2 were highly similar to those based on the complete coding sequences.The estimated mean evolutionary rate of HBoV1 with regard to the complete coding sequence was 3.03×10-4(95%HPD, 2.14×10-4-3.92×10-4 ) substitu-tions per site per year.With regard to each gene, the NS1 gene was considered to the most conserved gene while the NP1 gene showed the highest substitution rate.The dN/dS ratios (ω) of the four genes were all less than 1, indicating that all of them were under negative selection.Moreover, the VP2 gene was under the strongest negative selection, while the NP1 gene was under the weakest negative selection.Conclusion All of the HBoV1 isolates circulating in Hangzhou province during 2009 to 2014 were belonged to ST2 genotype with a relatively high mutation in the area of PLA2.Despite the complete genome was conservative, its evo-lutionary rate was high.Among the four genes, the NP1 gene showed the highest substitution rate.All of the four genes were under negative selection, of which the VP2 gene was under the strongest negative selection.
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Gold nanostructures with unique optical and photo-thermal properties based on their size and shape have wide applica-tion potential in tumor diagnosis, imaging, photo-thermal therapy, and drug delivery because of surface plasmon resonance. The optical properties of gold nanomaterials allow its use for dark field imaging, optical coherence tomography, and two-photon imaging. Gold nanomaterials can also be used as carriers for a variety of fluorescent molecules and drugs, achieving multifunctional imaging, chemo-therapy, photodynamic therapy, and so on. Photon-electron and electron-electron interactions of gold nanomaterials, which are excited by near-infrared laser, will generate heat that can be used for tumor photothermal therapy. This phenomenon promotes drug release, and photoacoustic imaging. The combined application of hyperthermia and chemotherapy based on gold nanoparticles is effective in opti-mizing the efficacy of cancer treatments. Therefore, gold nanoparticles can integrate multiple functions into one single system and real-ize the integration of tumor diagnosis and therapy, which provide new insights for the on-demand therapy and personalized medicine de-velopment. This study reviews the recent progress of several gold nanoparticles in the integrated applications for tumor theranostics, in-cluding gold nanoshells, gold nanorods, hollow gold nanospheres, gold nanocages, and gold nanostars. The major strategies of gold nanomaterials in biomedical applications are also discussed.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the molecular epidemiologic features of human metapnenmovirus (hMPV) in children with respiratory tract infection in Hangzhou.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>2 593 throat swabs were collected from patients with respiratory tract infections who visited the hospitals with sentinel surveillance programs from January 2011 to December 2013, including 1 676 outpatients and 917 inpatients. Total nucleic acid was extracted from the specimens and the fusion (F) protein gene of hMPV was amplified by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), with positive samples picked to compare with the sequence of hMPV in GenBank, after the sequence of amplification products were determined. Other two types of common respiratory virus were tested using RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The overall positive rate in this study was 6.51% (169/2 593), with 6.62% (111/1 676) in outpatients and 6.32% (58/917) in inpatients, but no statistically significant difference was found (χ(2) = 0.086, P = 0.769). The rates was 7.01% in males and 5.72% in females, with no statistically significant difference in different sex (χ(2) = 1.676, P = 0.195). The positive rate was 14.14% (28/198)in the 2-year-olds, 14.01% (22/158)in 3-year olds. The rate in 2-year olds was higher than in other groups, with statistically significant differences between the groups (χ(2) = 38.654, P = 0.000). Of the 169 positive cases, 153 (90.53%) in the younger than 5 years olds. The rates of infection with hMPV in winter and spring were statistically higher than in summer and autumn (χ(2) = 67.032, P = 0.000). The rate of co-infection was 19.52% (33/169). 88 amplified productions were selected for gene sequence analysis, and the F gene homology were 81.6%-100.0% with reference strains in GenBank. Data showed that all the 4 viral subtypes: A2 (52.27% , 46/88), B1 (37.51%, 33/88), B2 (9.09%, 8/88) and A1 (1.13%, 1/88) co-circulated during the study. However, different subtypes appeared predominant in different years:hMPV subtype B1 was in 2011 and 2012, subtype A2 in the end of 2012 and in 2013. Of the 88 specimens, gene sequences were determinate, with A genotype accounted for 67.56% (25/37), B genotype for 32.43% (12/37)in children younger than 1-year olds, and A genotype accounted for 43.13% (22/51), B genotype for 56.86% (29/51)in children above 1-year olds. Significant differences between the two groups (χ(2) = 5.143, P = 0.023) were noticed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It was confirmed that hMPV was one of the substantial pathogens causing the respiratory tract infections. Data from our study suggested that the peak time of hMPV infection predominated during winter and spring in Hangzhou. Both hMPV subtype B1 and subtype A2 were found popular in this study, with hMPV genotype A dominating in children younger than 1-year olds.</p>
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Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , China , Epidemiology , Coinfection , Genotype , Metapneumovirus , Genetics , Virulence , Molecular Epidemiology , Paramyxoviridae Infections , Epidemiology , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Respiratory Tract Infections , Epidemiology , Seasons , Sentinel SurveillanceABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characters of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infection in children with influenza-like illness (ILI).Methods A total of 1 164 throat swabs were collected from children with ILI symptoms in Children's Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2011 to December 2012.hMPV was detected by using nucleic acid assay,the fusion (F) protein gene of hMPV was amplified by RT-PCR,gene sequencing was performed and the sequences were compared with those in GenBank.Positive rates of hMPV in different age groups were compared with Chi-square test.Results Among 1 164 samples,hMPV was positive in 73 (6.27％) samples.hMPV infection was the most popular in ＞2-4 y age group (33/220,15.0％),and the positive rates of hMPV in different age groups were of statistical significance (x2 =40.69,P ＜ 0.05).hMPV infection occurred throughout the year,but it was most common in winter and spring.The highest incidence of hMPV infection was observed in December 2012 (12/51,25.53％).Among 24 samples of hMPV,14 were with genotype B1,2 were with genotype B2,and 8 were with genotype A2.The most common genotype was B1 in 2011 (10/12),and A2 in 2012 (8/12).Homology between nucleotide sequences of the 24 samples of hMPV were 81.6％ to 100.0％.Conclusions hMPV infection exists in children with ILI in Hangzhou,and the epidemic seasons are winter and spring.hMPV infection is more likely to be found in children aged 2 to 4 years old,and different genotypes may predominated alternately.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 42 patients with gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma admitted in the Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University between May 2006 and July 2011 were analyzed retrospectively. The prognostic factors were determined by Log-rank test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Gastric NEC was found in 42 (0.83%) of 5046 patients with gastric cancer during the same period, including 37 males and 5 females. The average age of the patients was 63 years old at the diagnosis. Forty patients underwent R0 resection and 2 patients R1 resection. Forty patients received routine adjuvant chemotherapy with fluorouracil plus oxaliplatin. The median follow-up duration was 26.0 months (range 4-70 months). The median survival was 25.0 months, and the overall 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates were 71.4%, 26.2% and 11.9%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that maximum tumor diameter, tumor invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, lymphatic invasion, stage, and curability were associated with survival (all P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Gastric NEC is rare. Curative operation is essential for improving the prognosis, while the choice of comprehensive treatment after surgery should be optimized.</p>
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Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine , Pathology , General Surgery , Follow-Up Studies , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Stomach Neoplasms , Pathology , General SurgeryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the infection status and pathogenic features of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) among children with acute respiratory tract infection in Hangzhou.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 372 children less than 14 years old with acute respiratory tract infections were recruited as subjects from the pediatric clinic or intensive care unit (ICU) of 3 hospitals in Hangzhou during November 2009 to January 2010, and November 2010 to January 2011. A total of 372 specimens were collected, including 351 respiratory swab, 9 nasopharyngeal aspirate material, 8 endotracheal aspirate material and 4 sputum. The total nucleic acid was then extracted from the specimens, and the nucleoprotein (N) gene of hMPV was amplified by RT-PCR, whose positive products were sequenced and analyzed. Africa green monkey kidney cells (Vero-E6) were applied to culture hMPV among the positive samples; meanwhile fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR was adopted to test other respiratory virus infection.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Out of 372 patients, 42 (11.2%) were positive for N gene of hMPV. The positive rate of hMPV among boys was 11.5% (26/226), and correspondingly 10.9% (16/146) among girls. The difference showed no statistical significance (χ(2) = 0.026, P > 0.05). The youngest patient was only 2 month-old and the eldest patient was 14 years old. The median of the patients' age was 24 months. Fifteen positive samples amplified by RT-PCR were sequenced, and all turned out to be subtype B1; whose similarity to GD165 found in Guangdong was 98.1% - 99.5% and similarity to BJ1897 in Beijing was 87.8% - 89.2%. The co-infection rate between hMPV and other respiratory virus was 45.2% (19/42); most of which was between hMPV and respiratory syncytial virus, whose rate at 26.1% (11/42).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>hMPV was the single genotype relevant with the acute respiratory tract infection disease among children in Hangzhou district; however, the co-infection with other respiratory virus did exist.</p>
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Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , China , Epidemiology , Genotype , Metapneumovirus , Genetics , Paramyxoviridae Infections , Epidemiology , Virology , Respiratory Tract Infections , Epidemiology , VirologyABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the prognositic factors of small intestine stromal tumors after radical resection.Methods The clinicopathological data of 41 patients with small intestine stromal tumors admitted between January 2005 and December 2010 in Henan Tumor Hospital were analyzed restrospectively.Kaplan-Meier survival rate and COX regression were used to evaluate the prognostic factors.Results There were 22 males and 19 females.The age ranged from 22 to 78 years old (median,55years).Location of tumor included duodenum (n =12),jejunum and ileum (n =29).The 3-year survival rate was 22％ in those 16 cases who reported preoperative gastrointestinal bleeding and 65％ in those without GIT bleeding,the difference was statistically significant (P =0.0012).COX model showed that tumor size,the tumor location,recurrence and metastasis were independent risk factors associated with the prognosis in small intestine stromal patients (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The most common clinical presentation of these tumors was gastrointestinal bleeding.The tumor location,recurrence and metastasis and gastrointestinal bleeding was independent risk factors associated with the prognosis of small intestine stromal tumor patients.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the heterozygous genotype and molecular characteristics of Organophosphorus resistance associated with heterozygous Estbeta2 of esterase B2 gene from natural population of Culex pipiens complex.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Genomic DNA was extracted from natural populations of Culex pipiens complex in Hangzhou. The PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay was applied to type the resistance associated esterase gene. Estbeta2 of esterase B2 gene was identified by PCR-RFLP, and the genotyping for heterozygous Estbeta2 was carried out after restriction enzyme digesting by Bfm I endonuclease.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The DNA was isolated from 207 Culex pipiens respectively, while 156 PCR samples showed positive and the positive rate was 75.36% (156/207). The PCR-RFLP assay of esterase B2 gene revealed that the Estbeta2 was accounted about 28.20% (44/156) in 156 positive samples. There were two genotypes identified, namely homozygous Estbeta2 (90.90%, 30/33) and heterozygous Estbeta2 (9%, 3/33), heterozygous Estbeta2 was in existence of a hybrid form as which combined with Estbeta2 and a subtype (Estbeta2/Estbeta2(1)).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Heterozygous Estbeta2 of Organophosphorus resistance associated with esterase genotype was determined in natural population of Culex pipiens, and a genotyping method was established.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Culex , Genetics , Genes, Insect , Genotype , Heterozygote , Insecticide Resistance , Genetics , Insecticides , Pharmacology , Organophosphorus Compounds , Pharmacology , Phenotype , Serine Endopeptidases , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the genotypes , allele frequencies and dynamic distribution on resistance associated esterase genes of Culex pipiens complex in Hangzhou.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay was applied to type the resistance associated esterase genes, and dynamic surveillance on frequencies of the resistance associated esterase gene of natural population of Culex pipiens complex in Hangzhou during 2003-2005, and phenotype of the resistance associated esterase genes were detected by esterase starch gel electrophoresis technique.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The PCR-RFLP assay of esterase allele genes for three consecutive years disclosed four esterase genotypes, namely, the world-wide highly active homozygous Est beta 1(1) (50%-54%), homozygous Est beta 2 (29%-34%), heterozygous Est beta 1(1)/beta 2 (5%-10%) and Est beta N (3.13%) of a new homozygous genotype. The research of the resistance associated esterase genes phenotype in natural population of Culex pipiens complex in Hangzhou in 2005 with esterase starch gel electrophoresis technique revealed four major types, namely, Est beta 1(1) (61%), Est alpha 2/beta 2 (12%), Est alpha 8/beta 8 (7%) and sensitive phenotype (29%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There should be various resistance associated esterase genotypes in natural population of Culex pipiens complex in Hangzhou. During the period of 2003-2005, Est beta 1(1) was the major type; Est alpha 2/beta 2 was the second. Est beta N was a new esterase genotype detected in 2005 only with a mere percentage of 3.13%. As for its resistance to the new insecticide, a follow-up study should be needed. The molecular typing of the amplified esterase gene should be consistent with the resistance associated esterase genes phenotype.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Alleles , China , Culex , Genetics , Physiology , Esterases , Genetics , Gene Frequency , Genotype , Insecticide Resistance , Genetics , PhenotypeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To prepare the armored RNA containing M gene of influenza H3N2.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The vector pAR-1 was constructed from expression vector pET30b in which the bacteriophage MS2 DNA fragment, containing the genes for maturase and coat protein and the pac site, was inserted. The M gene fragment of influenza A was inserted into the HindIII site downstream of the pac site on the pAR-1, which formed a new recombinant plasmid pAR-2. After the prokaryotic expression was carried out, armored RNA AR-2 containing M gene was obtained. AR-2 was purified, and then was quantified by real time RT-PCR. Moreover, the stability of AR-2 was checked.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>AR-2 was expressed successfully. AR-2 remained stable under various storage environments. Approximately 8.9 x 10(11) copies of AR-2 particles can be purified from one milliliter of culture.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It showed that AR-2 was stable and RNase-resistant, which, as a virus surrogate, would be used as RT-PCR standards, controls and training or proficiency samples.</p>